Car roof



F. M. wHYTE GAR Rooi'1 April s, 192e. 1,579,901

Filed sept. 1e, 191g `4 sheets-sheet 1 F. M. WHYTE CAR ROOF F'iled Sept. 16, 1915 April' 6,1926.

4 Sheets-Sheet 2 F. M, WHYTE April' e; 1926.

CAR ROOF Filed Sept. 163l 1918 4 Sheets-Sheet :5

` April 6, 192s. 1,579,901

F.' M. WHYTE 'CAR ROOF Filed Sept, 16, 1915 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Apr. 6, 1926,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK M. WHYTE, OF TARRYTOWN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO HUTCHINS CAR ROOFING C0., OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION F MICHIGAN. i

can Roer.

Application filed September 16, k1918. SerialNo. 254,204.r

T0 all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK M. `WHYTE, a citizen of the United Sta-tes of America, residing at Tarrytown, in the county of b Westchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gar Roofs, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

The invention relates to roofs for railway cars and more particularlyto that type of roof in which metal roof sheets are employed. f

The invention resides in the novel manner Vof fasteningthe metal roof sheets upon the sub-structure so that weaving or other tortional strains of the sub-structure when the car is in service will not injure or destroy the metal roof sheets. The invention further resides in the novel eaves con nection for the metal roof sheets, in the novel ridge connection and in certain details of construction and arrangement of parts', as will more fully hereinafter appear.

In the drawings:

Figure l is a top plan view of a car roof, embodying the invention;

Figure 2 is a fragmentary sectional View longitudinally of the car;

Figure 2a is a top plan view of the mullion joint cap; l j

Figure 3 is a partial cross-section through a car roof embodying theinvention on the line xof Fig. 2;

35 F igure.4 is a section transversely of the car at the ridge;

Figure 5 isa section at the ridge inter mediate the mullions;

.Figure 6 is a cross section at the eaves intermediate the mullions;

' Figure 7 is a sectional View at the end of the car and longitudinally thereof; l

Figure 8 is a fragmentary top. plan View at the ridge; y i

Figure 9 is an end elevational view of thc side of the car showing the eaves;

Figures 10 to 16 inclusive illustrate modi-y fications; f f

Figures 10, 12, 14 and V16 being taken along .a line equivalent to the line a-a of Figure 2;

Figures 11 and 15 being end elevational views of the sides of the cars in Figures 10 and 14 respectively and showing the eaves; Figure 13 being a perspective` View of a clip of the attaching section.

Referring to theone embodiment of the invention Aillustrated in Figures l to 9 inclusive, 1 designates the side plates of the cai-,2 the end plate, 3 the side sheathing and 4 the ridge pole. The sub-structure comprises the usual carlines 5 and purlins 6 upon which are, arranged thel roofing boards 7. lhile a wooden frame is shown yin Figures 1 to 9 inclusive, the roof is applicable to steel frame cars or cars having `frames of various constructions, the particular arrangement or type of frame being immaterial. v

Then the car is in service the roof substructure is subject to various tortional strains due to weaving or racking 0f the car body and among these strains is the bowing of the side plates. To prevent thetortional strains being transmitted to the sheets, a connection is providedI at the eaves which will allow relative movement of the substructure in relationto the eaves endsof the roof sheets and allow bowing of the side plates without placing the roofing sheets und-er strain o'r damage the eaves ends of the metal sheets but still providing va weather-proof joint between the side of the car and themetal roofing sheets.

Vln the Construction in Figures 1 to 9 incusive, the eaves ends of the roof sheet has a returned under-bent flange 8 which terminates in downwardly and outwardly extend ing portions forming an outwardly opening pocket 9. This outwardly opening portion,

lor pocket` is positioned below ythe pane of the rcof sheet and is arranged in a space, or

`chamber, 10 at the eaves of the car formed by terminating the roofing boards short of the car sides, as shown in `Figures 1 to 9 in elusive, or else by r'abbeting the boards at the e ves. Secured to the side of the car is a flashing 11 having a substantially horizontal portion l2 extending underneath the ends of the roof sheets. t the inner end this flashhas an upwardly extending iiange 13 rebent downwardly at 14 and then extending outward v.y to forma Harige 15 engaging the outwardly extending ianges 16 of thereofing sheets.4 The flashing 11 extends from end to end of the car either in a continuous piece or by being` formed of a plurality of overlapping sections, as will be readily understood. The outwardly opening pocket 9 at the eaves end of the sheet is engaged by an eaves attaching section. This section in the construction shown in Figures l to 9 inclusive comprises awooden strip 1i thathas an inwardly extending portion or tongue 1.8 litt-ing the outwardly opening pocket 9. The strip 17 is attached to the car frame as-by a plurality of metal straps or brackets 1 9 having downwardly extending portions secured to the frame by bolts 2O and having inwardly extending portions secured to the wooden strip and preferably countersunlt therein. The inner end of the outwardly opening pocket S) spaced ironithe upward rebend of the dashing strip a sutlicient distance to provide iior all normal weaving or racking that the ca .r sub-structure may have.

The wooden attaching section 17 extends uninterizuptedly either as a single member or as a plurality oi members from end to end ot the car. This attaching section Vinstead ot being "formed of woodinay be formed of a sheet metal member 20 (see Figures lO and il). The member 2O is illustrated as in the torni of an outwardly opening channel, the legs ot' which have depressionsA 2l litting soci-:ets 2") in the securing strips or bracket 23. rfliese depressions vforni pockets for receiving the heads 24 of rivets 25 that seciire the bracket to the ineinber 2.0. 26 is an inward Vprojection or tongue engagingthe ontwardly opening pocket 9 of the rooting-i sheet.

instead oi the attaching section extending continuously 'from end to end of the car` it may be formed of a plurality oi separated members or clips 27, as illustrated in Figiires l2 and 13.

ln the drawings the roofing sheets 28 are shown ot'. the type that extend trom ridge to eaves. These rooting sheets are positioned between inullions or battens 29 arranged in spaced relation upon the rooting boards and secured thereto. At the sides the rooting sheets have `flanges 30 terminating` in in wardly and downwardly extending portions 3 The vertical iianges 30 or' the root sheets are spaced ironi the sides of the inullions, as shown in Figure 2, so that relative movement oi the sub-structure and the sheets will be permitted. Making the joint between the sides of adiacent sheets and cov ering the inullions are joint caps 32 which have downwardly extending side flanges connected by bends Sli with upward '.y and inwardly extending flanges 35. rlie flanges ot the cap are spaced from the flanges at the sides ot' the sheets so that relative movement between the cap and the sheets is permitted. At their ends the mullion caps have closures Sti bent downwardly and then inwardly as indicated at 37, the inwardly extending portions 37 being arranged'beneath the rebent flange 8 ot the roofing sheets and terminating in downwardly extending langesl. The portions 37 and 3S of the closure 36 have their outer side edges arranged within the outwardly opening pocket f 9 of the rooting sheet, and as the pocket 9 doesnot extendnnderneatlithe inuliions, the flanges 37 and 3S assist in forming a weather-prooiing connection at the end oi' the mullioii cap. rlhe connection between the attaching section and the outwardly opening theiianges 39 oi the sheets upon the other f' side or' the car (see Figure 5). Embracing the iianges at the ridge ends of the sheets are ridge caps lll. These caps have downwardly extending sides 42 having at their lower ends foot flanges 43 that terminate in vertical portions Lil. The vertical portions i4; are spaced from the vertical flanges 39 so as to allow the rooting sheets to be i'ree to move at the eaves. The caps Lil are ot a length to sit between the side iianges 30 of the rooting sheets and are held in place by ridge corner caps 45 that are secured in the usual manner to the ridge pole by means ol bolts 46.

At the ends of the ear roof, the wooden strips 5S are provided, over which the metal weather-proofing caps 59 extend (see Fig. 7). These caps have at their outer edges the depending flanges 60 overlapping the side sheathing 3 at the ends ot the car and are secured to the endplates 2 by the bolts G1. The inner edges of the caps have a loose hooked engagement with the side flanges of the. rooting sheets 28 similar to that between the inullion caps and the rooling sheets.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that in the particular type of roof illustrated in the drawings the rooting sheets are `held from outward movement by the attaching section and that the latter also holds the sheetsdown upon the roof against vertical movement. The attaching section, however, since it is not connected other than by a sliding engagement with the outwardly opening pocket at the eaves ends of the sheets does not interfere with a free relative movement of the rooting sheets. As the attaching section extends longitudinally of the car at the Veaves and is normally arranged in a straight line it acts to maintain the root lll sheets,in square7 upon the car. i As will be plurality of grooves 47 in its underface to prevent any moisture collecting on the flashing. The number of these grooves may vary as desired. Although the construction shown in Figures 10 and 11 is not illustrated as provided with grooves in the bottom face thereof, the channel member 2O may, if desired, have its lower leg provided with grooves similar to those shown in connection with the member 17.

In the construction illustrated in Figures l2 and 13 the flashing` strip 48 isprovided with a raised portion 49 which engages the underside of the outwardly opening pocket of the roof sheet. The rear end of the flashing strip terminates in a rebent vertically extending flange 50. In Figures 14 and 15 a different construction of attaching clip is shown, this clip 51 being connected to the sub-structure by a single bracket 52. The fiashing 53 extends underneath the clip and the outwardly opening pocket vof the roofing sheet and terminates in a vertical fiange 54. While the particular eaves attaching sections shown in the drawings are desirable, it is to be understood that various modifications can be made without departing from the invention.

VV ith the structure described, while the attaching section acts to normally hold the sheets in square upon the car, in case of undue strain resulting in the sheets being moved out of squarein. relation to the substructure, the eaves connection will not in any way strain or tear the eaves end of the sheet. Normally the connection at the'eaves will provide for all relative movements between the roof sub-structure and the sheets and, if there is a bowing of the side plates, the attaching sectioncan m'ove outwardly in the pocket at the eaves ends of the sheets and this movement will not carry the roof sheets with it. In case of abnormal movenient, additional play is provided at the ridge, since, as before described, the ridge 'connection is such as to allow relative movement between the ridge cap and the ridge ends of the sheets. If the ridge ends of the sheets are brought into engagement with the ridge caps, there will be no tendency for the flanges 44 to shear the flanges 39 since these parts are comparatively wide and extend substantially parallel to one another.

Instead of providing a space between the flashing and the inner endof' the pocket por-k tions oi' the roofing sheets, so as to permit play at the eaves, as described,the rear portion of the flashing may be arranged in close proximity to the end portion, as shown in Figure 16. In this figure, 55 designates the flashing, 56 the upwardly extending rear kportion thereof and 57 the outwardly open- `ing pocket portion of the roofing sheet.k 'I'he remaining parts will be readily understood, from previous description.

IVith the construction shown in Figure 16, the play of the sheets cross-wise of the car is permitted by the ridge connection, which is of the same arrangement as shown in Figures 1 to 9 inclusive.

In each of' .the` constructions described,

therooling sheets andthe inullion cap are held against vertical movement by the attaching section and also against outward movement. To assemble the parts, the flashing is first applied to the car, the roofing sheets placed in position and then the niullion caps engaged with the roofing sheets. The attaching section is then positioned in place within the outwardly opening pocket portions of the roofing sheetsand secured to the car.

lVhat I claim as my invention is: j

1. In a car roof the combination of a substructure, a plurality of metal .roofing sheets arranged thereover, the eaves ends of said roofing sheetsterminating in outwardly opening pockets, joint caps for the side edges of thek roofing sheets having portions extending within said outwardly opening pockets and aneaves attaching section for the outwardly opening pocket portion of the sheet.

2. In a car roof the combination of a substructure, a plurality of metal roofing sheets arranged thereover having outwardly opening pockets at ytheir eaves endsJ joint caps for the side edges of the Sheet-s having downturned end portions terminating in inwardly extending flanges arranged within the outwardly opening pockets of the roof sheets and means engaging the outwardly opening pockets of the roofing sheets for loosely securing the eaves ends of the roofing sheets upon the sub-structure.

3. In car roof the conibination'of a substructure, a plurality of metal roofing sheets arranged thereover, having outwardly opening pockets at their eaves ends positioned below the plane of the roofing sheets, joint caps for engaging the side edges of the sheets having downturned end portions terminating in an inwardly extending iiang'e, said flange having a downwardly and outwardly extending portion positioned within the outwardly opening pockets of the roofing sheets and an attaching section secured to the substructure at the eaves and arranged within the outwardly*opening pocket portion of the roofing sheets. t

4:. ln a car roof the combination of a substructure, a plurality ot metal roofing sheets arranged thereorer, means loosely engaging the eaves ends of the sheets for limiting the outward movement of' the sheets,.said means permitting movement of `the sheets in all directions in their planes and being free to move outwardly in relation to the sheets and a flashing strip for the ,sub-structure at the eaves arranged heneath said rooting sheets.

In a car root the combination of a suhstrueture, a plurality ,ofinetal roofing sheets arranged thereover, having outwardly opening pocket portions positioned,beneath the plane oit' the roofing sheets, joint caps for the sides ot' the sheets, having downturned end portions terminating in inwardly extending flanges arranged within said pocket portions, a i'lashing strip for the sub-structure at the. eaves extending beneath said pocket portions and haring an upwardly eX- tending flange at itsinner end spaced from the pocket portions and an eaves attaching section engaging said pocket portions.

(3. ln a car roof the combination of a substructure, a plurality of metal roofing sheets arranged thereover, having outwardly opening pocket portions positioned beneath the plane of the rooting sheets, oint caps for the sides of' the sheets, having downturned end portions terminating in inwardly extending iianges arranged within saidpoc-ket portions, a hashing for the sub-structure at the eaves extending beneath said pocket portion havinga portion engaging' the bottom of said pocket portions and extending substantially parallel therewith and an eaves attaching section engaging said poolret portions.

7. in a car roof the combination of a substructure, a plurality of metal roofing sheets arranged thereover, having outwardly opening pocket portions positioned beneath the plane of the rooting sheets, joint capsfor the sides of the sheets, having downturned end portions terminating in inwardly extending flanges arranged within said pociret portions, a. flashing for the sub-structure at the eaves having an upwardly extending flange at its inner end spaced from the inner end of the pocket portion and terminating in a downwardly and outwardlyextending flange, the outwardly extending flange projecting beneath the pocket portions and an attaching section secured to the sub-structure at the eaves positioned above said flashingstrip and engaging said pocket portions.

S. In a car roof the combination of a substructure, a plurality ofmetal roong sheets arranged thereover and .extending from eaves to ridge, mullions between which said sheets Vare arranged, mullion capsfor the jointsbetween the mullions and-the sheets,

said sheets having outwardly opening pocket portions arranged :therebeneath and said caps haring downturned ,end portions terminating in inwardly extending iianges engaging the outwardly opening pocket portions, a liashing for the sub-structure at the eaves extending beneath sain outwardly opening porJ ret portions, an attaching section engaging the outwardly opening pocket portions of the zroofing sheets and limitingthe outyptn-'tionshentinwardly and terminating in a downwardly extending flange yand an attaching section at the eaves -enguging the poel-:ct iortion of the sheets and the downturned flange portion of the cap.

10. In a Acar root' the combination of a substructure, a plurality of metal rooting sheets arranged thereover having rebent underlitnt flanges terminating in outwardly opening poc-lietportions, joint caps for the side edges of the sheets having downturned end portionsi provided with extensions proj ect-ing within said pocket portions and terminating in downturned flanges and an attaching section at the eaves engaging the outwardly ,I openingpocket portion and the downturned flange portions of the joint caps, said attaching section acting to limit the ,outwardmoif'enient of the sheets and ,the capsY and acting to hold the sheets against vertical movement.

11. In a car roof'the combination of a substructure, a plurality of metal rooting sheets arranged thereover, having outwardly openingpockets at their eaves ends positioned be- .lowl the plane of the roofing sheets, joint caps for engaging the side edges ot the sheets `having downtlnned end portions terminating in an inwardly extending flangev` said flange inning a downwardly and outw:.udl \v extending portion positioned within vthe outwardly opening pockets of the roofing sheet s and an attaching section secured to the substructure at the eaves and arranged within the outwardly opening pocket portion ot the rooting sheets and joint caps.

V 12,111 a carro'of the combination ot a sub-structure, a plurality of metal roofing sheets Aarranged thereover having their outer ends .rebent underneath ,the sheets, the rehent Aends having vflange portions and an `eaves attaching Isection positioned beneath the relient ends and having a portion arranged in .the path oi-,said flanges, there being relative movement permitted between Cil said flanges and attaching section, and a flashing strip for the sub-structure at the eaves'extendingbelow said outwardly opening pocket portion. c

13. In a car roof the combination of a sub-structure, a plurality of' metal roofing` sheets arranged thereover, having their outer ends rebeiit underneath the sheets and a wood eaves attaching section arranged beneath the rebent eaves ends of the sheets and engaging and supporting said rebent ends, said section being free to move outwardly relative to the sheets.

14. In a car roof the combination of a sub-structure, a plurality of metal roofing sheets arranged thereover having their outer ends rebent underneath the sheets, joint caps for thesides of' the sheets having portions engaging the sheets and acting to prevent vertical movement of the sheets,

said caps having rebent flanges at their outer ends terminating in outwardly opening pocket portions and an eaves attaching section engaging said pocket portions of the caps. y

15. In a car roof, the combination of a sub-structure, of a plurality of metal roofing sheets arranged thereover, the eaves ends of said roofing sheets terminating in outwardlyy opening pockets, and joint caps for the side edges of said roofing sheets having portions extending Within the outwardly opening pockets of said roofing sheets.

16. In a car roof, the combination of a sub-structure, a roofing sheet having a depending flange at an eaveof the roof, and a bearing for said flange of suflicient depth to form a non-shearing stop to limit the outward movement of said roofing sheet, said bearing being free to move outwardly relative to said roofing sheet.

17. In a car roof, the combination of a sub-structure, a roofing sheet having a depending flange at an eave of the roof, and a bearing for said flange of sufficient depth to form a non-shearing stop to limit the outward movement of said roofing sheet, said bearing being arranged beneath said roofing sheet and being free to -niove outwardly relative thereto. o

18.' In a car roof, the combination of a sub-structure, a plurality of metal roofing sheets' arranged thereover, the eaves ends ofvsaid sheets having outwardly opening portions with walls extending transversely of said roofing sheets, and means engaging in said outwardly opening portions and havying bearings for said transversely extendengaging in said outwardlyy opening portions, said sections having bearings for said transversely extending walls of ysufficient depth to form iion-slieariiig stops to limit the outward movements of said roofing sheets, said sections being free to move outwardly relative to saidL roofing sheets. 20. In a car roof, thepcombination of a sub-structure, a plurality of roofing sheets arranged thereover and having their outer ends re-bent underneath the sheets, the rebent ends having flange portions extending transversely of the sheets, and an eaves attaching section positioned beneath the rebent ends and having a bearing portion arranged in the path of said flange portions of sumcient depth to form non-shearing stops to limit the outward movements of the sheets, said eaves attaching section being movable relative to said flange portions.

In testimony whereof I aliiX my signature.

F REDERIGK M. WI-IYTE. 

